# Green Mango

Scientific name: Anthracothorax viridis

Bird group: [hummingbird](https://birdsofpuertorico.com/family/hummingbird)

Canonical source: https://birdsofpuertorico.com/bird/92/Green-Mango

## Identification

The green mango (Anthracothorax viridis) is a large species of hummingbird endemic to the main island of Puerto Rico. It is usually found in the mountainous regions of the island, often in coffee and other kind of plantations. They usually feed on the nectar found in Heliconia flowers. Their feather coloration is mainly solid dark green with a dark blue and black tail, but solid purple-black birds are common. Females are less glossy, and they have very small white tips at the tail ends.


## Distribution and habitat

The Green Mango is endemic to Puerto Rico and particularly 
common in the central and 
western mountains (Raffaele 
and others 1998). This species 
inhabits mountain forests, coffee 
plantations (Raffaele and others 
1998), and forest edges in 
mountains and foothills (Oberle 
2018). The atlas fieldwork 
yielded a total of 141 records 
within 99 hexagons or 21 
percent of the 479 total hexagons 
(see map). Of the 99 hexagons 
where this species was found, 
breeding met the atlas definition 
of confirmed in 5 percent (5) of the hexagons, probable in 12 
percent (12), and possible in 81 
percent (80), while the species 
was observed in 2 percent (2) 
of the hexagons but without 
evidence of breeding (see map). Green Mango distribution. The map shows the highest breeding code by hexagon and overlaying the ecological life zones in 
Puerto Rico. Note: percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.

## Breeding

The Green Mango builds a cup-shaped nest coated with 
lichens, and breeding has been 
recorded in October, December, 
February, April, and May in 
previously published reports 
(Raffaele and others 1998). Atlas 
results indicate that the Green 
Mango breeding season extends 
throughout the year, but it is       83Green Mango/Zumbador Verdemost active from March to June (see chart). Atlas results show 
that one of the hexagons where 
breeding was confirmed for 
the Green Mango occurs in the 
metropolitan area of San Juan, 
suggesting that some urban 
forests may provide suitable 
habitat for this forest-dwelling 
bird. Results show that the 
Green Mango mostly breeds 
within the subtropical moist and subtropical wet forest life 
zones (49 and 48 percent of the 
hexagons, respectively) (see 
table and map).

## Conservation

The population trend of the Green Mango is unknown; 
however, it is listed as a species 
of least concern by the IUCN 
(BirdLife International 2016), and locally this species is not listed 
in any threatened category of 
PRDNER or USFWS. In Puerto 
Rico, the Green Mango has a 
protected habitat in land of 18 
percent or 422 km2 of the total area covered by the hexagons 
where evidence of breeding 
was found for this species 
(2320 km2). 

Photo: https://birdsofpuertorico.com/static/images/webp/in_092_Im0.png.webp

Distribution map: https://birdsofpuertorico.com/static/images/webp/in_092_Im1.png.webp

Source note: Text is reproduced from this site's published record. Historical conservation statements and taxonomy have not been independently revalidated. See https://birdsofpuertorico.com/about for source credits and limitations.